

Gawande, surgeon, professor and New Yorker columnist has focused on checklists for some time. His latest book, The Checklist Manifesto, reports that thousands of hospitals have used checklists to reduce death rates by about one third (excerpt here).
An article published in January 2009 by Gawande and colleagues evaluated surgical checklists internationally and found that "the rate of death was 1.5% before the checklist was introduced and declined to 0.8% afterward. Inpatient complications occurred in 11.0% of patients at baseline and in 7.0% after introduction of the checklist". Conclusions of the study were that "implementation of the checklist was associated with concomitant reductions in the rates of death and complications among patients at least 16 years of age who were undergoing noncardiac surgery in a diverse group of hospitals."

Checklists from gawande.com
WHO Safe Surgery Checklist
WHO H1N1 Checklist
Johns Hopkins Central Line Checklist
Society of Thoracic Surgeons – Adult Cardiac Surgery
Society of Thoracic Surgeons – General Thoracic Surgery
Society of Thoracic Surgeons – Congenital Heart Surgery
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